Characters - This is a common convention in short films. Generally there are only two or three characters introduced in a short film, there isn't enough time to incorporate too many characters or long back stories.
Twist - Usually there is a twist in the story to engage the viewer. This is a convention because the film is so short, it would be boring without one.
Low Budget - This is a common convention because generally the films are made by independent film makers who don't have a lot of funding. This is another reason for only having a few characters; to keep the costs down.
Length - Generally, short films are 5-10 minutes in length but can sometimes stretch to about half an hour.
Situation - A convention of short films is to have them set in an everyday situation and to make them relatable to the viewer in some way. Normally, there is no CGI and basic equipment is used in the filming.
Todorov - Todorov's Theory of Equilibrium is a common convention of short films. That is, equilibrium at the beginning is followed by disequilibrium (a sudden twist) and then a new equilibrium is restored.
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